Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1948, however, prosecutors have belonged to the judiciary and are guaranteed the same independence and tenure as judges? both being classified as ?magistrati? (judicial officers), both being selected by the same competitive process of examinations, and both being able to move from one function to the other at their own request. At that time, it employed a hierarchical scheme centralized at the national level and under the direct control of the Ministry of Justice.1 The Prosecution Service was thus conceived as an agency to ensure observance of the law, the prompt and regular administration of justice, to protect the rights of the state, to promote the suppression of crime and the application of security measures, and to execute judicial decisions. The Public Prosecution Service was first created a few years after the nineteenth century birth of the Italian state, taking as a model the French Napoleonic system. Full version (footnotes included) available at SSRN. Wade, eds., Oxford University Press, 2011. Michele Caianiello, "The Italian Public Prosecutor: An Inquisitorial Figure in Adversarial Proceedings?" (December 23, 2011), in TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON PROSECUTORIAL POWER, E. This chapter will explore the background and function of the Italian prosecutor, noting along the way the ongoing issues of debate that will shape the future of the Public Prosecution Service.Īuthor: Prof. In many ways, he remains a work in progress. In the field of law, every single case, whether it is criminal case or civil case, needs a well-organized and meaningful documents through which a case can be presented in the court convincingly.The Italian prosecutor embodies a peculiar combination of official duties and actual practices: he is formally a member of the judiciary independent of the political branches he is charged with impartial investigations of crime but is likely only to gather damning evidence he serves as a party in the presentation of evidence at trial yet is empowered to act on behalf of the defendant after trial and ultimately, he is bound to impose the court?s sentence.Ī prominent scholar once described the Italian Prosecutor using the oxymoronic term ?impartial party.? Today, the prosecutor has become an inquisitorial figure in adversarial proceedings, the result of a long-term experiment in criminal procedure reform. And, this is the mandatory requirement of the court. So, such type of document presenting an organized information on one subject matter commonly characterized as dossier. In law, a dossier refers to a collection of documents or information compiled for a specific purpose, such as a legal case or investigation. It may include various types of evidence, such as witness statements, photographs, and other relevant materials. Dossiers are often used in criminal investigations and legal proceedings to present information to a court or other decision-making body. Specific Use of Dossierįarewell Dossier: it was the document that a KGB defector gave to the French DST in 1981–82. Iraq Dossier: It was a briefing document for the British Labour Party government in respect to Iraq and the weapons of mass destruction. September Dossier: It is a document published by the British government on Septemin respect to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq. Steele Dossier: It is a dossier containing allegations of a conspiracy between Trump's 2016 campaign and the Russian government. It is also popular as the "Trump–Russia dossier."ĭossier Criminal: It is a term used by Indian police forces to classify criminals. Global Dossier: It is an online public service launched in June 2014 by the five Intellectual Property offices. In India, the term Dossier Criminal is used in the Indian police forces, for classifying the criminals. According to the Indian police forces, a dossier criminal is a person who has committed specific crimes across police circles and sub-divisions. The criminal dossier if a format, where all the detailed information about a criminal is restored. In legal proceedings, a dossier is an important tool, as it provides a comprehensive and organized overview of the evidence and information related to a case.
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